Instrumental phonetics
1
About the course
1.1
Recording in case you missed the class
1.2
Homeworks
1.2.1
HW 1 (due to 12.12.2022, 23:59):
1.3
Useful references:
2
Introduction to Acoustic Phonetics
2.1
Before we start
2.2
Phonetics?..
2.3
Simple Harmonic Motion
2.4
Addition of waves
2.5
Harmonics
2.6
Fourier Transform
2.7
Source-Filter Model of Speech Production
2.8
Summary
3
Vowels
3.1
Theory
3.1.1
Recap
3.1.2
How shape of the vocal tract influences on vowels? Tube model.
3.1.3
Wavelength
3.1.4
Other models
3.2
Vowel formants’ normalization
3.2.1
Acoustic vowel normalization procedures
3.2.2
(Lobanov 1971)
z-score transformation
3.2.3
vowels
package
4
Sonorants
4.1
Earlier:
4.2
Semivowels
4.2.1
Semivowels: ʋ, w, j, ɥ, ɰ
4.2.2
Semivowels: w, ɥ
4.2.3
Semivowels: ɹ, ɻ
4.3
Nasal Stops
4.3.1
Nasal Stops: uvular ɴ
4.3.2
Nasal Stops: m
4.3.3
Nasal Stops: anti-resonance
4.3.4
Nasal Stops: the main properties
4.4
Laterals
4.5
Nasal, nasalised, and prenasalised vowels
4.6
Seminar
4.6.1
Glides vs. Vowels
4.6.2
Liquids
4.6.3
Nasal Stops Acoustics
4.6.4
Spectral Slices
5
Phonations, Obstruents
5.1
Airstream mechanisms
5.2
Phonation types
5.2.1
Breathy phonation example
5.2.2
Creaky phonation example
5.3
Obstruents
5.3.1
Torbulence
5.3.2
Fricatives
5.3.3
Stops
5.3.4
Voiced Onset Time (VOT)
6
Spectrum analysis
6.1
Vowels
6.1.1
6.1.2
6.1.3
6.1.4
6.1.5
6.1.6
6.1.7
6.1.8
6.1.9
6.1.10
6.1.11
6.1.12
6.1.13
6.1.14
6.1.15
6.1.16
6.1.17
6.1.18
6.1.19
6.2
Consonants
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.3
6.2.4
6.2.5
6.2.6
6.2.7
6.2.8
6.2.9
6.2.10
6.2.11
6.2.12
6.2.13
6.2.14
6.2.15
6.2.16
6.2.17
6.2.18
6.2.19
6.2.20
6.3
Stress
6.3.1
6.3.2
6.3.3
6.3.4
6.3.5
6.3.6
6.3.7
6.3.8
6.3.9
6.3.10
6.4
Guess an animal
6.4.1
6.4.2
6.4.3
6.4.4
6.4.5
6.4.6
6.4.7
6.4.8
6.4.9
6.4.10
6.4.11
6.4.12
6.4.13
6.4.14
6.4.15
6.4.16
6.4.17
6.4.18
6.4.19
6.4.20
6.4.21
6.4.22
6.4.23
6.4.24
7
Speech perception
7.1
Hearing
7.2
Perception of speech signals
7.2.1
Non-acoustic factors influencing perception
7.2.2
Psychoacoustic scales
7.2.3
Categorical perception
References
Instrumental Phonetics 2022
6
Spectrum analysis
6.1
Vowels
6.1.1
big, bag
bag, big
6.1.2
friction, fraction
fraction, friction
6.1.3
man, men
men, man
6.1.4
rook, Rick, wrek
Rick, rook, wrek
wrek, Rick, rook
Rick, wrek, rook
wrek, rook, Rick
rook, wrek, Rick
6.1.5
Nick, nook, neck
neck, nook, Nick
Nick, neck, nook
nook, Nick, neck
nook, neck, Nick
neck, Nick, nook
6.1.6
back, beck, book
back, book, beck
beck, back, book
book, beck, back
book, back, beck
beck, book, back
6.1.7
hick, hook, hack
hack, hook, hick
hook, hack, hick
hook, hick, hack
hick, hack, hook
hack, hick, hook
6.1.8
mad, mood, mid
mood, mid, mad
mood, mad, mid
mad, mid, mood
mid, mad, mood
mid, mood, mad
6.1.9
trick, trek, track
track, trick, trek
track, trek, trick
trek, track, trick
trick, track, trek
trek, trick, track
6.1.10
dim, deem, doom, dam
doom, dam, dim, deem
doom, dam, deem, dim
dam, doom, deem, dim
dam, dim, doom, deem
doom, deem, dam, dim
dim, doom, dam, deem
dam, deem, doom, dim
deem, dim, doom, dam
doom, dim, deem, dam
deem, dam, dim, doom
dam, deem, dim, doom
doom, dim, dam, deem
dam, doom, dim, deem
deem, doom, dim, dam
dim, dam, deem, doom
dim, deem, dam, doom
dim, dam, doom, deem
dam, dim, deem, doom
deem, dim, dam, doom
dim, doom, deem, dam
doom, deem, dim, dam
deem, doom, dam, dim
deem, dam, doom, dim
6.1.11
feat, fat, foot, fit
fat, foot, fit, feat
fit, fat, feat, foot
feat, fit, foot, fat
foot, fat, feat, fit
feat, fit, fat, foot
fit, feat, foot, fat
feat, fat, fit, foot
feat, foot, fit, fat
foot, fat, fit, feat
foot, feat, fit, fat
fit, fat, foot, feat
fit, foot, feat, fat
fat, feat, fit, foot
fat, fit, feat, foot
fat, foot, feat, fit
feat, foot, fat, fit
foot, fit, fat, feat
foot, fit, feat, fat
fit, foot, fat, feat
fat, feat, foot, fit
fit, feat, fat, foot
foot, feat, fat, fit
fat, fit, foot, feat
6.1.12
mass, moose, miss, mess
miss, moose, mass, mess
moose, mass, mess, miss
moose, miss, mass, mess
miss, mass, moose, mess
mass, mess, moose, miss
moose, mess, miss, mass
moose, mass, miss, mess
mass, moose, mess, miss
mess, moose, mass, miss
miss, mess, mass, moose
mess, mass, moose, miss
mess, miss, moose, mass
mess, mass, miss, moose
mess, miss, mass, moose
mass, miss, mess, moose
miss, mess, moose, mass
miss, mass, mess, moose
miss, moose, mess, mass
mess, moose, miss, mass
moose, mess, mass, miss
mass, miss, moose, mess
moose, miss, mess, mass
mass, mess, miss, moose
6.1.13
net, nut, knot, knit
knit, nut, net, knot
nut, net, knit, knot
net, knot, knit, nut
net, knot, nut, knit
knit, knot, nut, net
nut, knot, knit, net
knot, knit, net, nut
knot, knit, nut, net
nut, knot, net, knit
net, nut, knit, knot
nut, knit, knot, net
knot, nut, knit, net
net, knit, knot, nut
knot, nut, net, knit
knot, net, knit, nut
knit, net, nut, knot
net, knit, nut, knot
knit, net, knot, nut
nut, knit, net, knot
nut, net, knot, knit
knot, net, nut, knit
knit, nut, knot, net
knit, knot, net, nut
6.1.14
roost, wrist, rest, roast
wrist, rest, roast, roost
roast, rest, roost, wrist
rest, roast, wrist, roost
rest, roost, wrist, roast
rest, roast, roost, wrist
roast, roost, wrist, rest
wrist, roast, rest, roost
roast, roost, rest, wrist
wrist, roost, rest, roast
wrist, roost, roast, rest
roost, roast, rest, wrist
roost, wrist, roast, rest
wrist, rest, roost, roast
rest, wrist, roost, roast
roast, wrist, roost, rest
roost, roast, wrist, rest
roast, rest, wrist, roost
roast, wrist, rest, roost
rest, roost, roast, wrist
roost, rest, wrist, roast
rest, wrist, roast, roost
roost, rest, roast, wrist
wrist, roast, roost, rest
6.1.15
skim, scam, skin, scan
scan, skin, scam, skim
skim, scan, skin, scam
skin, scam, skim, scan
scan, skim, scam, skin
skin, skim, scan, scam
skin, scan, scam, skim
scan, scam, skim, skin
scam, scan, skin, skim
scan, skin, skim, scam
skim, scan, scam, skin
scam, skim, scan, skin
scan, skim, skin, scam
skim, scam, scan, skin
scam, skin, skim, scan
skim, skin, scam, scan
skin, scan, skim, scam
scan, scam, skin, skim
scam, scan, skim, skin
scam, skim, skin, scan
scam, skin, scan, skim
skin, scam, scan, skim
skim, skin, scan, scam
skin, skim, scam, scan
6.1.16
bot, bit, bet, bat, boot
bot, boot, bet, bit, bat
boot, bet, bat, bit, bot
boot, bot, bit, bat, bet
bat, bet, bit, boot, bot
bat, bit, bot, boot, bet
boot, bot, bet, bit, bat
bot, bat, boot, bet, bit
bat, boot, bet, bit, bot
boot, bat, bet, bot, bit
bot, bat, bit, bet, boot
boot, bit, bot, bat, bet
bat, bot, bet, boot, bit
bot, boot, bat, bet, bit
bat, bot, bit, bet, boot
bit, bet, bat, boot, bot
bot, bet, boot, bat, bit
bet, bat, bot, boot, bit
bet, bot, boot, bit, bat
boot, bot, bat, bit, bet
bot, boot, bit, bat, bet
bot, bit, boot, bat, bet
bet, bot, bat, boot, bit
bit, bet, bat, bot, boot
boot, bat, bet, bit, bot
boot, bat, bit, bot, bet
bit, boot, bot, bat, bet
bot, bet, boot, bit, bat
bat, boot, bet, bot, bit
boot, bit, bat, bet, bot
bat, bot, boot, bet, bit
bot, boot, bet, bat, bit
bet, bot, bit, bat, boot
bet, bat, boot, bot, bit
bet, bat, bit, bot, boot
bit, boot, bet, bat, bot
bot, bet, bat, boot, bit
bet, boot, bat, bot, bit
bet, boot, bot, bit, bat
bet, bit, boot, bot, bat
bit, boot, bot, bet, bat
bit, bet, boot, bot, bat
bat, boot, bit, bot, bet
boot, bet, bot, bit, bat
bet, bat, boot, bit, bot
bat, bit, boot, bot, bet
bot, bit, boot, bet, bat
bat, bot, bet, bit, boot
bet, bat, bot, bit, boot
bet, boot, bit, bot, bat
bat, bit, bet, bot, boot
bet, bit, boot, bat, bot
bit, bet, boot, bat, bot
boot, bet, bot, bat, bit
bit, bot, bet, bat, boot
bet, bit, bat, boot, bot
bot, bat, boot, bit, bet
boot, bit, bot, bet, bat
bit, bet, bot, bat, boot
boot, bet, bit, bot, bat
bat, bet, bit, bot, boot
bat, bot, boot, bit, bet
bat, boot, bot, bet, bit
boot, bit, bet, bot, bat
bot, bit, bat, boot, bet
bot, bit, bet, boot, bat
bet, boot, bit, bat, bot
bit, bot, boot, bet, bat
bet, bit, bot, bat, boot
boot, bot, bat, bet, bit
bet, bot, boot, bat, bit
boot, bot, bit, bet, bat
bot, boot, bat, bit, bet
bet, bit, bot, boot, bat
bit, bat, bet, boot, bot
bit, boot, bet, bot, bat
bit, bat, bot, boot, bet
bat, boot, bit, bet, bot
bit, boot, bat, bet, bot
bot, bet, bat, bit, boot
bot, bit, bat, bet, boot
bit, bot, bat, bet, boot
bot, bet, bit, boot, bat
bot, boot, bit, bet, bat
bat, bit, bot, bet, boot
bot, bat, bit, boot, bet
bat, bet, bot, bit, boot
bat, bit, boot, bet, bot
bit, bet, bot, boot, bat
boot, bet, bit, bat, bot
bat, bet, boot, bot, bit
bat, bit, bet, boot, bot
boot, bot, bet, bat, bit
bit, boot, bat, bot, bet
bit, bot, bet, boot, bat
bit, bat, boot, bet, bot
bit, bat, boot, bot, bet
boot, bat, bit, bet, bot
boot, bit, bet, bat, bot
boot, bet, bat, bot, bit
bet, boot, bat, bit, bot
bat, boot, bot, bit, bet
bet, bot, bit, boot, bat
bot, bat, bet, boot, bit
bit, bot, bat, boot, bet
bet, bit, bat, bot, boot
boot, bat, bot, bit, bet
bot, bet, bit, bat, boot
bet, bot, bat, bit, boot
bot, bat, bet, bit, boot
bet, boot, bot, bat, bit
boot, bit, bat, bot, bet
bit, bot, boot, bat, bet
bat, bet, boot, bit, bot
bat, bet, bot, boot, bit
bit, bat, bet, bot, boot
bat, bot, bit, boot, bet
bit, bat, bot, bet, boot
bet, bat, bit, boot, bot
boot, bat, bot, bet, bit
6.1.17
pick, peck, poke, puck, pack
peck, puck, pack, pick, poke
peck, pick, pack, poke, puck
pick, poke, peck, puck, pack
poke, pack, peck, puck, pick
pick, peck, poke, pack, puck
pack, poke, pick, puck, peck
poke, peck, pack, puck, pick
pack, puck, pick, poke, peck
pick, poke, peck, pack, puck
pack, poke, puck, pick, peck
pack, peck, poke, puck, pick
puck, poke, pack, pick, peck
peck, poke, puck, pick, pack
puck, pick, peck, pack, poke
peck, poke, pick, puck, pack
peck, pick, puck, pack, poke
poke, pick, peck, puck, pack
pick, poke, pack, puck, peck
peck, pack, pick, poke, puck
puck, poke, pick, pack, peck
peck, pick, puck, poke, pack
peck, puck, pack, poke, pick
puck, peck, pick, poke, pack
pack, pick, peck, puck, poke
peck, poke, pick, pack, puck
puck, peck, poke, pack, pick
pack, peck, puck, pick, poke
poke, pack, peck, pick, puck
puck, pick, peck, poke, pack
poke, peck, pick, pack, puck
peck, pack, puck, poke, pick
poke, pick, pack, puck, peck
pick, peck, puck, pack, poke
pick, puck, pack, poke, peck
puck, poke, pick, peck, pack
poke, peck, pick, puck, pack
peck, pick, pack, puck, poke
pack, puck, pick, peck, poke
peck, poke, pack, pick, puck
poke, peck, pack, pick, puck
pack, poke, puck, peck, pick
puck, peck, pack, pick, poke
pick, peck, pack, poke, puck
poke, pack, pick, peck, puck
pack, puck, peck, poke, pick
puck, pack, pick, poke, peck
peck, puck, poke, pick, pack
pick, puck, peck, poke, pack
pack, pick, puck, peck, poke
puck, pack, poke, peck, pick
pick, pack, peck, poke, puck
pack, puck, peck, pick, poke
puck, poke, peck, pack, pick
puck, pack, peck, pick, poke
peck, pick, poke, pack, puck
pack, peck, pick, puck, poke
poke, pick, puck, peck, pack
puck, pick, pack, poke, peck
poke, puck, pick, peck, pack
pack, peck, poke, pick, puck
poke, puck, pack, peck, pick
pack, poke, pick, peck, puck
pack, pick, poke, peck, puck
pack, peck, puck, poke, pick
pick, puck, poke, peck, pack
pack, puck, poke, pick, peck
poke, puck, peck, pack, pick
pack, peck, pick, poke, puck
pick, poke, puck, peck, pack
puck, peck, poke, pick, pack
puck, pick, poke, peck, pack
puck, pick, pack, peck, poke
puck, poke, pack, peck, pick
pack, pick, peck, poke, puck
pick, pack, peck, puck, poke
peck, pick, poke, puck, pack
pack, pick, poke, puck, peck
puck, pick, poke, pack, peck
pack, puck, poke, peck, pick
pick, puck, poke, pack, peck
poke, pack, puck, pick, peck
pick, pack, poke, peck, puck
puck, pack, poke, pick, peck
puck, pack, pick, peck, poke
puck, pack, peck, poke, pick
pick, puck, peck, pack, poke
peck, puck, poke, pack, pick
poke, pick, peck, pack, puck
poke, peck, puck, pack, pick
peck, poke, puck, pack, pick
poke, pack, pick, puck, peck
pick, poke, pack, peck, puck
peck, puck, pick, pack, poke
peck, poke, pack, puck, pick
peck, puck, pick, poke, pack
poke, peck, puck, pick, pack
pick, pack, puck, peck, poke
puck, peck, pack, poke, pick
pack, poke, peck, pick, puck
poke, puck, pack, pick, peck
pack, pick, puck, poke, peck
poke, puck, pick, pack, peck
pick, poke, puck, pack, peck
pick, peck, puck, poke, pack
pick, peck, pack, puck, poke
peck, pack, poke, pick, puck
peck, pack, pick, puck, poke
pick, puck, pack, peck, poke
poke, puck, peck, pick, pack
pick, pack, poke, puck, peck
peck, pack, poke, puck, pick
pick, pack, puck, poke, peck
pack, poke, peck, puck, pick
peck, pack, puck, pick, poke
poke, pick, puck, pack, peck
puck, peck, pick, pack, poke
puck, poke, peck, pick, pack
poke, pack, puck, peck, pick
poke, pick, pack, peck, puck
6.1.18
pat, pet, put, peat, pit
pit, pet, peat, put, pat
pet, put, peat, pat, pit
pit, put, pet, peat, pat
put, peat, pet, pat, pit
peat, put, pit, pat, pet
pat, pet, peat, pit, put
pit, pat, pet, peat, put
pet, put, pat, pit, peat
pat, pet, pit, put, peat
pat, pit, put, peat, pet
peat, pit, put, pat, pet
pet, pat, put, peat, pit
pit, pat, peat, pet, put
pat, peat, put, pit, pet
pet, peat, pat, put, pit
put, pit, pet, pat, peat
pit, pat, peat, put, pet
put, pat, pit, pet, peat
pat, pet, put, pit, peat
pet, peat, put, pit, pat
pet, peat, put, pat, pit
pet, pat, peat, put, pit
put, pet, pit, pat, peat
pat, put, pit, peat, pet
pet, put, pit, peat, pat
pet, peat, pit, put, pat
peat, pit, put, pet, pat
pit, pet, pat, peat, put
peat, put, pat, pet, pit
pit, pet, put, peat, pat
pat, pit, pet, peat, put
pet, pat, pit, put, peat
put, pit, peat, pet, pat
put, pat, peat, pit, pet
peat, pet, pit, pat, put
pat, peat, pet, pit, put
put, pet, pit, peat, pat
peat, pat, put, pet, pit
pat, peat, pet, put, pit
peat, pit, pet, pat, put
peat, put, pat, pit, pet
put, pat, pet, pit, peat
pat, peat, put, pet, pit
peat, put, pet, pit, pat
peat, pat, put, pit, pet
peat, pet, pat, pit, put
pit, pat, pet, put, peat
pat, put, peat, pit, pet
pit, put, pat, peat, pet
pat, pet, pit, peat, put
pit, peat, put, pet, pat
pit, pet, peat, pat, put
put, pet, peat, pit, pat
put, pit, pet, peat, pat
peat, pat, pit, put, pet
put, peat, pit, pat, pet
pet, put, pit, pat, peat
put, pat, peat, pet, pit
peat, pet, put, pit, pat
pet, pat, pit, peat, put
put, pat, pet, peat, pit
peat, pet, put, pat, pit
put, pet, peat, pat, pit
pat, put, pet, pit, peat
peat, pat, pet, put, pit
pat, pet, peat, put, pit
pet, pit, peat, put, pat
pet, pit, peat, pat, put
pit, pat, put, pet, peat
pet, pit, pat, put, peat
pit, pet, pat, put, peat
pit, put, peat, pet, pat
pat, pit, peat, pet, put
pet, pit, put, pat, peat
pit, pat, put, peat, pet
pit, pet, put, pat, peat
pat, peat, pit, pet, put
pet, put, pat, peat, pit
put, pat, pit, peat, pet
pat, pit, put, pet, peat
peat, put, pit, pet, pat
peat, put, pet, pat, pit
pat, put, pet, peat, pit
put, peat, pet, pit, pat
put, peat, pit, pet, pat
pet, pat, put, pit, peat
put, pit, peat, pat, pet
pat, peat, pit, put, pet
put, pit, pat, peat, pet
peat, pat, pet, pit, put
pit, put, peat, pat, pet
pit, peat, pet, put, pat
put, peat, pat, pet, pit
put, pit, pat, pet, peat
pit, peat, pat, pet, put
pet, put, peat, pit, pat
peat, pit, pat, put, pet
pit, peat, put, pat, pet
pit, put, pat, pet, peat
pat, pit, pet, put, peat
pat, pit, peat, put, pet
put, pet, pat, peat, pit
pet, pit, put, peat, pat
pit, put, pet, pat, peat
pet, peat, pat, pit, put
pet, peat, pit, pat, put
pit, peat, pet, pat, put
put, peat, pat, pit, pet
pit, peat, pat, put, pet
pet, pit, pat, peat, put
peat, pet, pat, put, pit
pat, put, pit, pet, peat
put, pet, pat, pit, peat
peat, pit, pet, put, pat
peat, pat, pit, pet, put
peat, pit, pat, pet, put
pet, pat, peat, pit, put
peat, pet, pit, put, pat
pat, put, peat, pet, pit
6.1.19
rink, rang, rank, ring, wrong
rink, ring, rank, wrong, rang
rang, rink, wrong, rank, ring
rang, rank, rink, ring, wrong
rang, ring, wrong, rank, rink
rank, rink, ring, rang, wrong
rink, wrong, ring, rank, rang
rang, rink, wrong, ring, rank
ring, wrong, rank, rang, rink
rang, rank, ring, wrong, rink
rank, ring, rink, rang, wrong
rank, rink, wrong, rang, ring
rink, wrong, rank, ring, rang
rank, wrong, ring, rang, rink
rink, ring, rank, rang, wrong
rink, rank, wrong, rang, ring
ring, wrong, rang, rink, rank
wrong, rink, rank, rang, ring
rang, rank, ring, rink, wrong
rink, rang, wrong, ring, rank
rang, ring, rink, rank, wrong
wrong, rink, ring, rang, rank
ring, rang, rank, wrong, rink
wrong, rang, ring, rink, rank
ring, rank, rang, rink, wrong
rink, rang, ring, wrong, rank
rang, rink, rank, ring, wrong
rang, ring, rank, rink, wrong
rank, rang, wrong, rink, ring
rang, wrong, ring, rink, rank
rank, rang, wrong, ring, rink
rank, wrong, rink, rang, ring
ring, wrong, rang, rank, rink
rink, wrong, rank, rang, ring
rank, ring, rang, rink, wrong
rank, ring, wrong, rang, rink
ring, rink, wrong, rang, rank
wrong, rang, rink, ring, rank
rank, rang, rink, ring, wrong
rink, rang, wrong, rank, ring
rang, rink, ring, rank, wrong
rink, rank, wrong, ring, rang
wrong, rank, rink, rang, ring
wrong, rank, rink, ring, rang
ring, rang, rink, wrong, rank
rink, wrong, rang, rank, ring
wrong, ring, rink, rang, rank
wrong, ring, rank, rang, rink
rank, wrong, ring, rink, rang
rank, rang, rink, wrong, ring
rank, rang, ring, wrong, rink
rank, ring, rang, wrong, rink
rink, ring, rang, rank, wrong
rank, ring, rink, wrong, rang
rink, wrong, ring, rang, rank
wrong, ring, rang, rink, rank
ring, rank, rink, rang, wrong
wrong, rang, rank, ring, rink
rink, rank, rang, wrong, ring
rang, wrong, rink, ring, rank
rank, wrong, rang, rink, ring
rink, rank, ring, rang, wrong
rang, rink, rank, wrong, ring
wrong, rank, rang, ring, rink
wrong, rink, rank, ring, rang
wrong, rank, rang, rink, ring
rang, rank, rink, wrong, ring
rink, ring, wrong, rank, rang
rang, wrong, ring, rank, rink
rank, rink, rang, wrong, ring
wrong, rang, rank, rink, ring
rang, rank, wrong, rink, ring
rang, rank, wrong, ring, rink
wrong, rang, rink, rank, ring
wrong, rank, ring, rang, rink
ring, rink, wrong, rank, rang
ring, rang, rink, rank, wrong
rank, wrong, rink, ring, rang
wrong, rang, ring, rank, rink
ring, rink, rang, wrong, rank
rink, rang, rank, wrong, ring
rang, wrong, rank, rink, ring
wrong, ring, rang, rank, rink
rank, ring, wrong, rink, rang
wrong, rink, rang, ring, rank
ring, wrong, rink, rang, rank
ring, rink, rang, rank, wrong
rink, rank, ring, wrong, rang
rang, ring, wrong, rink, rank
ring, rank, rink, wrong, rang
ring, rink, rank, rang, wrong
rank, rink, ring, wrong, rang
rink, ring, rang, wrong, rank
wrong, rink, ring, rank, rang
rang, ring, rank, wrong, rink
rank, rang, ring, rink, wrong
ring, rang, wrong, rink, rank
rang, wrong, rink, rank, ring
ring, rank, rang, wrong, rink
ring, rang, rank, rink, wrong
rink, rank, rang, ring, wrong
wrong, rank, ring, rink, rang
rank, rink, wrong, ring, rang
ring, rank, wrong, rang, rink
rink, wrong, rang, ring, rank
rink, rang, ring, rank, wrong
wrong, rink, rang, rank, ring
ring, rang, wrong, rank, rink
wrong, ring, rink, rank, rang
ring, wrong, rink, rank, rang
wrong, ring, rank, rink, rang
rang, ring, rink, wrong, rank
rank, wrong, rang, ring, rink
rang, wrong, rank, ring, rink
rink, ring, wrong, rang, rank
ring, wrong, rank, rink, rang
ring, rank, wrong, rink, rang
ring, rink, rank, wrong, rang
rang, rink, ring, wrong, rank
rank, rink, rang, ring, wrong
6.2
Consonants
6.2.1
ass, ash, act, ax
act, ass, ash, ax
ax, ash, act, ass
ash, act, ass, ax
ass, ax, act, ash
ash, ax, ass, act
ass, act, ax, ash
ass, ax, ash, act
act, ass, ax, ash
ax, act, ash, ass
act, ash, ax, ass
ax, act, ass, ash
ax, ash, ass, act
ash, ass, act, ax
ash, act, ax, ass
act, ax, ass, ash
ax, ass, ash, act
ass, ash, ax, act
act, ax, ash, ass
act, ash, ass, ax
ass, act, ash, ax
ax, ass, act, ash
ash, ax, act, ass
ash, ass, ax, act
6.2.2
bent, bend, bench
bend, bent, bench
bent, bench, bend
bench, bend, bent
bend, bench, bent
bench, bent, bend
6.2.3
bet, bed
bed, bet
6.2.4
shag, tag, sag
tag, shag, sag
sag, tag, shag
tag, sag, shag
sag, shag, tag
shag, sag, tag
6.2.5
fax, tact, sax, tax
tact, tax, fax, sax
tact, sax, fax, tax
tax, sax, tact, fax
sax, tax, tact, fax
fax, tax, tact, sax
sax, tax, fax, tact
sax, fax, tact, tax
fax, tact, tax, sax
tact, tax, sax, fax
fax, tax, sax, tact
tact, sax, tax, fax
tax, fax, sax, tact
fax, sax, tax, tact
tact, fax, tax, sax
sax, fax, tax, tact
tax, fax, tact, sax
tact, fax, sax, tax
sax, tact, tax, fax
fax, sax, tact, tax
tax, sax, fax, tact
tax, tact, fax, sax
tax, tact, sax, fax
sax, tact, fax, tax
6.2.6
thank, tank, sank, shank
shank, thank, sank, tank
sank, shank, tank, thank
thank, shank, sank, tank
sank, thank, tank, shank
thank, sank, shank, tank
sank, shank, thank, tank
tank, thank, sank, shank
thank, sank, tank, shank
thank, tank, shank, sank
shank, sank, tank, thank
tank, sank, thank, shank
sank, tank, shank, thank
thank, shank, tank, sank
sank, tank, thank, shank
shank, tank, sank, thank
shank, thank, tank, sank
tank, shank, thank, sank
shank, sank, thank, tank
sank, thank, shank, tank
tank, shank, sank, thank
tank, sank, shank, thank
shank, tank, thank, sank
tank, thank, shank, sank
6.2.7
shed, dead, death, debt
debt, dead, death, shed
dead, shed, debt, death
death, dead, shed, debt
dead, debt, death, shed
debt, death, shed, dead
shed, death, debt, dead
dead, shed, death, debt
dead, death, debt, shed
shed, debt, death, dead
death, shed, dead, debt
shed, debt, dead, death
death, dead, debt, shed
dead, debt, shed, death
debt, dead, shed, death
debt, death, dead, shed
debt, shed, dead, death
debt, shed, death, dead
dead, death, shed, debt
shed, dead, debt, death
death, debt, dead, shed
death, debt, shed, dead
death, shed, debt, dead
shed, death, dead, debt
6.2.8
den, ten, send, then
ten, den, then, send
den, ten, then, send
then, den, ten, send
send, den, ten, then
ten, den, send, then
ten, send, then, den
send, den, then, ten
send, then, den, ten
ten, then, send, den
then, den, send, ten
then, ten, den, send
ten, send, den, then
then, ten, send, den
send, then, ten, den
then, send, ten, den
den, send, then, ten
den, then, send, ten
den, send, ten, then
send, ten, den, then
send, ten, then, den
ten, then, den, send
den, then, ten, send
then, send, den, ten
6.2.9
tent, cent, tenth, dent
cent, tenth, dent, tent
dent, cent, tenth, tent
tenth, dent, cent, tent
cent, dent, tent, tenth
tent, cent, dent, tenth
cent, tenth, tent, dent
dent, tenth, tent, cent
tenth, tent, cent, dent
tent, dent, cent, tenth
tenth, tent, dent, cent
dent, cent, tent, tenth
cent, tent, dent, tenth
tenth, cent, dent, tent
cent, dent, tenth, tent
tent, dent, tenth, cent
tent, tenth, dent, cent
cent, tent, tenth, dent
tenth, dent, tent, cent
tent, tenth, cent, dent
tenth, cent, tent, dent
dent, tenth, cent, tent
dent, tent, tenth, cent
dent, tent, cent, tenth
6.2.10
threat, dread, thread, tread
thread, dread, tread, threat
tread, thread, dread, threat
tread, threat, dread, thread
thread, threat, dread, tread
thread, tread, threat, dread
dread, tread, thread, threat
tread, dread, threat, thread
threat, tread, thread, dread
thread, threat, tread, dread
threat, tread, dread, thread
thread, dread, threat, tread
tread, threat, thread, dread
thread, tread, dread, threat
dread, thread, threat, tread
dread, thread, tread, threat
threat, thread, tread, dread
dread, tread, threat, thread
tread, dread, thread, threat
threat, thread, dread, tread
tread, thread, threat, dread
threat, dread, tread, thread
dread, threat, thread, tread
dread, threat, tread, thread
6.2.11
sass, hash, sash
hash, sash, sass
sash, hash, sass
sash, sass, hash
sass, sash, hash
hash, sass, sash
6.2.12
hack, shack, hag, sac
hag, hack, sac, shack
hag, shack, sac, hack
hag, hack, shack, sac
hack, hag, sac, shack
sac, hag, hack, shack
hack, sac, hag, shack
hag, shack, hack, sac
hack, hag, shack, sac
sac, shack, hack, hag
hag, sac, shack, hack
hag, sac, hack, shack
sac, shack, hag, hack
hack, sac, shack, hag
hack, shack, sac, hag
shack, sac, hack, hag
shack, hack, hag, sac
sac, hack, hag, shack
sac, hack, shack, hag
shack, sac, hag, hack
shack, hag, hack, sac
shack, hag, sac, hack
shack, hack, sac, hag
sac, hag, shack, hack
6.2.13
six, fix, thick, sick
thick, six, sick, fix
thick, fix, six, sick
six, sick, thick, fix
thick, sick, fix, six
thick, fix, sick, six
fix, six, thick, sick
six, fix, sick, thick
thick, six, fix, sick
six, thick, fix, sick
sick, fix, six, thick
sick, six, fix, thick
six, sick, fix, thick
sick, thick, fix, six
six, thick, sick, fix
sick, thick, six, fix
sick, fix, thick, six
fix, thick, sick, six
fix, thick, six, sick
fix, sick, thick, six
sick, six, thick, fix
fix, sick, six, thick
thick, sick, six, fix
fix, six, sick, thick
6.2.14
thread, fresh, fret, threat
fret, thread, threat, fresh
threat, fresh, fret, thread
fret, fresh, threat, thread
fret, threat, thread, fresh
fret, thread, fresh, threat
threat, fret, thread, fresh
thread, threat, fresh, fret
fresh, fret, threat, thread
fret, fresh, thread, threat
threat, thread, fret, fresh
thread, threat, fret, fresh
thread, fresh, threat, fret
fret, threat, fresh, thread
thread, fret, threat, fresh
thread, fret, fresh, threat
fresh, fret, thread, threat
fresh, threat, fret, thread
fresh, thread, threat, fret
threat, fresh, thread, fret
fresh, thread, fret, threat
fresh, threat, thread, fret
threat, fret, fresh, thread
threat, thread, fresh, fret
6.2.15
hood, foot, hook, should
foot, hood, should, hook
hood, hook, foot, should
foot, should, hood, hook
hook, foot, hood, should
hood, foot, should, hook
hood, should, foot, hook
hook, should, hood, foot
should, hook, foot, hood
foot, should, hook, hood
hook, should, foot, hood
foot, hook, hood, should
foot, hood, hook, should
hood, should, hook, foot
should, hood, hook, foot
should, foot, hood, hook
should, hook, hood, foot
should, foot, hook, hood
should, hood, foot, hook
hook, hood, foot, should
foot, hook, should, hood
hook, foot, should, hood
hook, hood, should, foot
hood, hook, should, foot
6.2.16
nag, wag, knack, yak
wag, yak, knack, nag
wag, knack, yak, nag
yak, knack, wag, nag
yak, wag, nag, knack
knack, yak, wag, nag
nag, knack, wag, yak
knack, wag, nag, yak
wag, nag, yak, knack
yak, wag, knack, nag
wag, yak, nag, knack
knack, nag, yak, wag
yak, knack, nag, wag
knack, nag, wag, yak
nag, knack, yak, wag
yak, nag, wag, knack
knack, wag, yak, nag
knack, yak, nag, wag
wag, knack, nag, yak
wag, nag, knack, yak
nag, wag, yak, knack
nag, yak, wag, knack
nag, yak, knack, wag
yak, nag, knack, wag
6.2.17
let, wet, yet, net
let, net, wet, yet
wet, net, let, yet
wet, yet, let, net
yet, let, net, wet
let, yet, wet, net
wet, net, yet, let
net, wet, yet, let
yet, wet, net, let
net, let, yet, wet
net, yet, let, wet
wet, let, net, yet
yet, wet, let, net
let, net, yet, wet
yet, let, wet, net
yet, net, let, wet
let, yet, net, wet
wet, let, yet, net
net, let, wet, yet
let, wet, net, yet
wet, yet, net, let
net, yet, wet, let
net, wet, let, yet
yet, net, wet, let
6.2.18
rink, link, mink, wink
mink, link, rink, wink
wink, mink, link, rink
link, rink, wink, mink
link, mink, rink, wink
link, wink, rink, mink
wink, mink, rink, link
mink, rink, wink, link
wink, link, rink, mink
rink, wink, link, mink
rink, mink, wink, link
rink, link, wink, mink
mink, wink, rink, link
wink, rink, link, mink
wink, link, mink, rink
link, rink, mink, wink
mink, wink, link, rink
wink, rink, mink, link
mink, link, wink, rink
link, wink, mink, rink
mink, rink, link, wink
rink, wink, mink, link
link, mink, wink, rink
rink, mink, link, wink
6.2.19
scan, scare, scar, scam
scam, scan, scare, scar
scam, scan, scar, scare
scam, scare, scar, scan
scan, scar, scare, scam
scar, scare, scan, scam
scare, scar, scam, scan
scar, scan, scare, scam
scam, scar, scan, scare
scar, scare, scam, scan
scar, scam, scan, scare
scar, scan, scam, scare
scare, scar, scan, scam
scare, scan, scam, scar
scan, scare, scam, scar
scam, scare, scan, scar
scam, scar, scare, scan
scare, scam, scan, scar
scare, scan, scar, scam
scar, scam, scare, scan
scare, scam, scar, scan
scan, scam, scar, scare
scan, scar, scam, scare
scan, scam, scare, scar
6.2.20
hen, hell, hem, hay
hem, hell, hay, hen
hem, hen, hell, hay
hen, hay, hem, hell
hen, hay, hell, hem
hell, hen, hay, hem
hell, hay, hem, hen
hen, hem, hay, hell
hell, hen, hem, hay
hell, hay, hen, hem
hen, hell, hay, hem
hay, hen, hem, hell
hem, hay, hell, hen
hen, hem, hell, hay
hem, hell, hen, hay
hay, hell, hen, hem
hay, hell, hem, hen
hay, hem, hen, hell
hay, hen, hell, hem
hay, hem, hell, hen
hell, hem, hay, hen
hem, hay, hen, hell
hell, hem, hen, hay
hem, hen, hay, hell
6.3
Stress
6.3.1
Absent, absEnt
absEnt, Absent
6.3.2
Accent, accEnt
accEnt, Accent
6.3.3
Address, addrEss
addrEss, Address
6.3.4
cOnsole, consOle
consOle, cOnsole
6.3.5
contEnt, cOntent
cOntent, contEnt
6.3.6
Extract, extrAct
extrAct, Extract
6.3.7
impOrt, Import
Import, impOrt
6.3.8
pErfect, perfEct
perfEct, pErfect
6.3.9
prEsent, presEnt
presEnt, prEsent
6.3.10
rEsearch, resEArch
resEArch, rEsearch
6.4
Guess an animal
6.4.1
6.4.2
6.4.3
6.4.4
6.4.5
6.4.6
6.4.7
6.4.8
6.4.9
6.4.10
6.4.11
6.4.12
6.4.13
6.4.14
6.4.15
6.4.16
6.4.17
6.4.18
6.4.19
6.4.20
6.4.21
6.4.22
6.4.23
6.4.24